|
楼主 |
2007-5-30 20:26:08
|
显示全部楼层
高加索犬综述
[转帖]关于高加索的文章[图文已添加]
. }& G9 H1 W! A' Xby Marina Kuznetsova, Judge-Expert Native Russian Breeds - Leningrad (c)1991 Marina Kuznetsova, Translation (c)1991 The Caucasian Ovcharka (Mountain Dog) Club of America, Inc. All Rights Reserved 作者:Marina Kuznetsova 列宁格勒 - _! v1 A! c( b+ Y% \# O
英文翻译:美国高加索犬俱乐部 1991年 保留翻译权 ( ^( R: M/ A/ ]: x2 S$ z
中文翻译:lenny(水平有限,所以把英文原稿发上来) The Caucasian Ovcharka is a dog belonging to the Mastiff group and is found in the area of the Caucasian Mountains and the region before the Caucasian Mountains. In general, the breed can be distinguished into 2 types--the mountain types and steppe types, and within these two groups there are several distinguishable subtypes. There are many versions about the origins of this breed and I cannot lend support to any particular version except to say that I consider them a natural breed. The first reference about this dog was made before the second century A.D. in a manuscript of antiquity of the Armenish people. In the Azerbaijan mountain area I have seen pictures carved in stone of dogs drawn very tall and powerful. In addition, folk tales and folk legends often make mention of large shaggy dogs which saved their owners from various dangers. No one can confirm the exact origin of these dogs. (高加索犬属于马士提夫种群,这种犬被发现于高加索山区。总体来说,这种血统可以区分为两种类型—山地类型和平原类型,在这两种类型中还可以区分出一些分支。关于这种犬的起源有很多观点,我个人并不倾向于支持任何一种观点。我认为它们是一种自然形成的种群。 6 ]' \; }) u. Y9 f! @$ L
最早提及这种犬的资料是亚美尼亚人于公元二世纪前撰写的手稿。(注:antiquity 一般代指公元前5000年到公元476年之间)。我曾经在阿塞拜疆山区看到过非常高大和雄壮的犬的石头浮雕。而且部落传说经常提到巨大的有着蓬密粗毛的犬救助主人脱离各种危险的故事。没有人能够确定这种犬的确切起源。) The first Caucasians in Leningrad appeared approximately in the early 1960s and were registered in the book of the Dog Working Club and in show catalogs during this time. Possibly single representatives migrated earlier to Leningrad and probably in different areas of the Soviet Union also, but were not registered with the kennel clubs in Leningrad. The first aboriginal dogs were of clear conformation and very good quality and some breeders have tried to preserve this. In addition, Russia has endured many hardships during the beginning of 20th century, WWI, The Revolution and WWII. These have been hungry and destructive times during which people could barely care for their children and could not devote care to their dogs resulting in a hard natural selection of working dogs.
" J4 k6 ?: x+ y1 u# r2 m(Leningrad(列宁格勒—今日圣彼得堡?) 最早的高加索犬大约出现于1960年代早期。在这段时间这种犬被注册于工作犬俱乐部的书册上表演(观赏犬)目录里。可能个别的犬只于更早前就出现在列宁格勒或者(前)苏联的其他地区,但是并没有在列宁格勒的犬场俱乐部注册。第一批原生高加索(可能是指来自高加索原生地高加索山区)具有清晰的体格构架和非常出色的品质。一些繁育者尝试保留这些优点。俄罗斯在二十世纪初期经历了很多非常艰难的时刻,一站,解放战争和二战。在这些充满饥荒和动荡破败的日子里,人们甚至很少关心自己的孩子,也无法给与他们的狗更多的关心,这些导致了对于工作犬的非常严酷的自然选择。
7 g o( y# |4 |4 a- Z( a, _
7 o4 T1 \- p# ]0 ?
5 K0 C d- n0 {: J, W e+ GI have traveled many times to the Azerbaijan area, and I can describe the attitude of the Caucasian people toward their dogs. Their dogs are kept outside and can be differentiated into three groups used for different purposes- herding dogs, guarding dogs and fighting dogs. The herding dogs must be steady, hardy, not spiteful to people and domestic animals but with the ability hurry up the lone sheep with a nip at the hinds legs. These dogs must protect the flock against wolves. Although the herder sometimes gives the dogs leftover food, he usually does not feed them, so the dogs must hunt small animals such as mice and rabbits in the area they are guarding. Usually a herder has five or six dogs of which four are males and one or two are females. The bitches season approximately once a year or every eight to eleven months. They most often come into season in the fall and whelp on the outside in a lair. The herder leaves only males and one or two females and destroys the other females of the litter. Usually only twenty percent of the puppies survive to adulthood because nobody feeds and takes care of them. Only the healthiest puppies can survive. (我曾经多次到阿塞拜疆地区旅行,我可以描述出高加索人对于他们的犬的看法。他们的狗被养在屋外而且被分作三种不同用途- 牧羊,防卫和打斗。作为牧羊犬的高加索必须稳重可靠,强壮,不能对人和家畜有敌意但是知道轻咬落单的羊的后腿催促它赶上牧群。这些犬只必须保护牧群不受狼的侵害。尽管有时候牧人给这些犬一些剩饭,他并不经常喂它们。所以这些狗必须在它们的牧区内猎取像老鼠和兔子之类的小动物。母犬大约每年生育一次或者每八到十一个月。母犬多数在秋天在野外的巢所产下幼犬。牧人通常只保留公犬和一到两只母犬。杀死一窝中剩余的母犬。一般只有20%的幼犬能够存活至成年因为没有人喂养它们照顾它们。只有最健康的幼犬能够生存下来。) In the Caucasus, there is no custom of selling dogs so Caucasian people only give dogs as presents to close friends. They often keep the puppies for themselves because most of the dogs in the Caucasus cannot live to an old age and new replacements are always needed. Some herders try to breed the best males and some of them know the pedigrees of males in their heads. (在高加索地区,人们没有卖狗的习俗。所以狗经常被高加索人当作礼物送给好友。高加索人经常自己保留幼犬因为绝大多数高加索地区的狗不能活到很老。所以替代繁殖是必需的。有些牧人尝试繁育最好的公犬而且有些人心里明白公犬的谱系。) Guarding dogs who protect the house differ from the herding dogs because of their extreme aggressiveness towards strangers, but as a rule they respect and listen to their owner. Although the dogs are not aggressive towards the people who live in the house they obey only one master. These dogs do not bark alot and will attack strangers who enter the protected area. However, outside the protected area the dogs can be walked off leash and are usually not aggressive with non-threatening strangers. (防护犬,用来保卫屋子,和牧羊犬的区别在于防护犬具有对陌生人极其强烈的攻击性,但是前提是它们尊重并且听从于主人。尽管这种狗对于住在同一所屋子里的人不具有攻击性,它们只服从一个主人。这些犬并不经常吠叫,会攻击进入它们守护区域的陌生人。然而,在它们防护区以外的地方,这些狗可以去掉狗链自由的遛而且通常不攻击没有威胁的陌生人。) ' p9 I. R6 x* {4 R$ J
5 B4 Z6 _6 O( v& z1 x
0 Y" O. c0 u6 g. j* ^, y
8 K* Q% X7 w% D
The fighting dogs are destined for dogs fighting. Only wealthy people can keep these dog and they gamble on the dog fights. Caucasian mountain people are very superstitious and they keep this dog under lock and key. You can get puppies from these dogs or you can look upon their dogs at home only if you are close friends with the owner. I have seen some such dogs but the owners prohibit them from being photographed because of the superstition of the "evil eye" that the dog will fall ill and die. (打斗类型的犬是用来斗狗的。只有富裕的人才养得起这些狗而且他们赌斗狗。高加索人非常迷信,他们用锁子和钥匙来看管这种狗。你可以搞到这些狗的幼崽,或者你可以在他们家里观赏他们的狗如果你是主人的好朋友。我曾经看到过这些狗但是主人不允许拍照因为迷信相信“罪恶的眼睛”会使狗生病并死掉。All Caucasians are distinguishable from other breeds because of their extreme faithfulness to their owner and their excellent memories. It is not good custom to give an adult dog to another person. If you get a two or three month old puppy, this puppy will remember his breeder for a long time.(所有的高加索犬和其他犬种的区别在于它们对于主人的绝对忠诚和出色的记忆力。赠与别人一只成年犬是非常不妥当的做法。如果你有一只两到三个月的幼犬,它会在很长时间里记住你作为它的饲养者。)7 l. K8 ]5 E, f) J
(本人的英语水平也就止于此了,而且因为缺乏关于犬的专业知识,翻译中不免有句意不通,词不达意的地方还请谅解)
' ~) H+ T4 E( M4 \未完待续( r# x- e$ C9 `9 W. H, v& {6 F
7 R9 D5 E, E" e, ^1 a: j' R+ f
|
|